Plants synthesize betaine by a two-step oxidation of choline (choline → betaine aldehyde → betaine). Protoplast-derived chloroplasts of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) carry out both reactions, more ...

Enhanced proton-feeding kinetics of metal-organic framework toward industrial-level H 2 O 2 electrosynthesis for sustainable bleaching Two-electron oxygen reduction reaction for hydrogen peroxide ...