Forging is one of the oldest mechanical metalworking processes. It forms and shapes metals through the use of hammering and pressing. A cast ingot (or a "cogged" billet that has already been forged ...

Developments in near-net-shape forging processes promise to enhance engine performance, strengthen components for oil and gas drilling and improve hermetic seals for high-power semiconductors.

This section of the industry may be classified as jobbing with quantities generally small varying from one off to perhaps 100 off. Tooling for producing open die work may consist of flat or shaped ...