Fuzzy logic provides a mathematical framework for dealing with imprecise and vague concepts, proving particularly amenable to the challenges posed by natural language. Its capacity to navigate ...

Type-2 fuzzy logic systems have emerged as a powerful extension of traditional fuzzy logic, providing enhanced capability to model uncertainty and imprecision in complex systems. Unlike type-1 systems ...

By operating in the gray zone, states preserve escalation optionality, avoid reputation-locking commitments, and retain the ability to shift posture without incurring sudden political or strategic ...