Cryptographic hash functions are crucial in ensuring the security and integrity of information across diverse industries. They protect sensitive financial transactions in banking, verify data ...

A digital signature, an asymmetric cryptography is designed using VHDL. The implementation has a Message Digest block and a RSA block. Implemented Digital Signature Algorithm on a Spartan 3 FPGA board ...

IPsec incorporates several cryptographic operations to ensure message authenticity, data integrity, and sender nonrepudiation. In this section we will describe the mechanics of these cryptographic ...