The semiconductor manufacturing process involves many steps, including, but not limited to, film deposition, photolithography, etching, and chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Contamination can ...

With UNIX having many tasks running simultaneously, through the years developers have incorporated several command-line tools that allow for live process management ...

Process analytical technology (PAT), a quality assurance program for the pharmaceutical industry developed by the US Food and Drug Administration, enables pharmaceutical manufacturers to control ...

To guarantee the safety and efficacy of products manufactured in cleanroom environments, organizations such as International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and regulatory bodies such as the ...

Bioreactors have become irreplaceable tools in bioprocessing, revolutionizing the production of many biotechnological products. 1,2 They offer optimized and controlled environments to enhance cell ...

The cell culture pilot plant at Genentech runs hundreds of E. coli fermentation experiments to help develop part of the company’s pipeline. The pilot plant is a non-GMP facility that supports process ...

Breweries typically monitor fermentation by analyzing broth composition. Alcohols, esters, acids and residual sugars are ...

Reactive Monitoring is the reporting by the Secretariat, other sectors of UNESCO and the Advisory Bodies to the Committee on the state of conservation of specific World Heritage properties that are ...

You can easily keep tabs on what's running on your Mac and get things running smoothly by using Apple's Activity Monitor. Here's how to get started. Most applications running on UNIX-based systems are ...