Evidence suggests that orthodontic treatment causes an increased incidence and severity of apical root resorption. Tooth length and root volume were reduced after orthodontic intervention. Numerous ...

Impacted teeth fail to erupt within the expected developmental window and are often blocked by gum tissue or bone. Maxillary cuspids (canines) possess the longest roots and are critical for proper ...

Anatomy -- Oral examination -- Radiology -- Charting -- Pathology -- Equipment -- Anesthesia -- Treatment of periodontal disease -- Treatment of endodontic disease -- Treatment of tooth resorption -- ...