Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

English look at AI and the way its text generation works. Covering word generation and tokenization through probability scores, to help ...

With a population of over 40 million users worldwide, a number doubling every year, the internet has become a medium with distinct business opportunities. To academic and commercial researchers, the ...

Why reinforcement learning plateaus without representation depth (and other key takeaways from NeurIPS 2025) ...

Google researchers introduce ‘Internal RL,’ a technique that steers an models' hidden activations to solve long-horizon tasks ...

A guide with examples for learning this key idea in options trading Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive ...

Cancer therapy and synthetic biology are converging around a shared problem that has long frustrated oncologists and ...

Introduction After the WHO prequalified the first vaccine against mpox, we aimed to identify the influence of vaccine ...

This example illustrates the use of regression analysis in a simple random cluster sampling design. The data are from S rndal, Swenson, and Wretman (1992, p. 652). A total of 284 Swedish ...