Abstract: This paper presents an optimized load frequency control (LFC) approach for interconnected power systems with conventional and renewable energy sources. A proportional integral derivative ...

"Windup" occurs when the integral term grows indefinitely while the actuator is saturated (at max limit). Standard PID calculates d(Error)/dt. This library calculates ...

Abstract: The precise control of liquid levels in industrial processes is critical for maintaining productivity and product quality. However, dealing with liquid levels in double tank systems presents ...

BLDC_PID_Controller/ ├── arduino_uno/ # Development implementation │ ├── arduino_uno.ino # Arduino Uno code with serial tuning │ ├── config.h # Configuration header with all settings │ ├── ...