This illustration compares the working principles of a Microcontroller Unit (MCU) and an FPGA. In a normal processor or MCU (left side), the computation is controlled by software instructions stored in memory. The processor executes these instructions sequentially, using a fixed hardware architecture where control logic guides the data through arithmetic and logic operations. In contrast, the FPGA (right side) integrates the computation directly into reconfigurable hardware. Instead of relying o